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放射性核素心肌灌注显像之单光子发射计算机断层扫描

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放射性核素心肌灌注显像(radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging, MPI)仍然是现今诊断具血流动力学意义冠心病(CAD)的最可靠方法。“Diagnosis and Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease with SPECT and PET”综合陈述了心肌单光子发射计算机断层扫描(single photon emission computed tomography,SPECT)和正电子发射断层扫描(positron emission tomography, PET)在放射性核素MPI诊断中的应用,重点介绍了CAD诊断和风险分层。


面向11,862例患者的荟萃分析“Diagnostic accuracy of cardiac positron emission tomography versus single photon emission computed tomography for coronary artery disease: a bivariate meta-analysis得出PET MPI对冠心病的敏感性高于SPECT MPI92.6% vs 88.3%, p=0.035,但两者的特异性(81.3% vs 75.8%, p=0.39)无差异。



Comparison of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography, Fractional Flow Reserve, and Perfusion Imaging for Ischemia Diagnosis”使用PACIFIC研究数据在208例CAD患者中比较了FFRCTCTA, SPECT,PET对心肌缺血的诊断价值。



Diagnostic performance of noninvasive myocardial perfusion imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography imaging for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis”介绍SPECT、CMR、PET均具有较高的集合敏感性,分别为88%89%84%,特异性分别为61%、76%和81%。PET的诊断性能最高;CMR可以提供一种规避电离辐射的替代方法,并具有与PET类似的诊断准确性。建议各医疗机构可因地制宜地选择



SPECT在疾病诊断中的应用


冠心病 CAD - 动态SPECT可提高多血管冠心病(CAD)的检测水平,规避了PET费用昂贵的短板,“Noninvasive Nuclear SPECT Myocardial Blood Flow Quantitation to Guide Management for Coronary Artery Disease”介绍了采用动态SPECT指导CAD临床诊断,实现心肌血流定量的临床案例。


心衰 Heart Failure - “SPECT and PET in ischemic heart failure”解释了SPECT可通过-201或锝-99 m标记示踪剂提供有关心室功能、心肌灌注、心脏活力和心室同步的有价值的数据。此外,PET可以准确评估心肌灌注、代谢和生存能力,提供高质量的图像和定量分析的能力。


心肌缺血 Myocardial Ischemia - Coronary Artery Calcium Is Associated with Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Independent of Myocardial Ischemia”的数据表明冠状动脉钙化与SPECT测得的左室舒张参数成反比,与心肌缺血无关。


STEMI - “Impact of tissue protrusion after coronary stenting in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction”在STEMI患者中采用SPECT MPI(99mTc tetrofosmin )随访经IVUS指导PPCI后是否发生组织脱垂(tissue protrusion TP )后14个月的LVEF, 心梗面积和MACE。


冠脉微血管功能定量评估 Coronary Microvascular Function -“Quantitative Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Function: Dynamic Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography, Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging”对比不同影像学成像对冠脉微血管的定量评估。


以MACE为研究终点 - 大型多中心注册研究REFINE SPECT5-Year Prognostic Value of Quantitative Versus Visual MPI in Subtle Perfusion Defects: Results From REFINE SPECT通过SPECT定量不同程度的心肌灌注缺损(total perfusion deficit, TPD)与5MACE发生率之间的关系,研究结果详见下图。





IEEE发布的“Direct List Mode Parametric Reconstruction for Dynamic Cardiac SPECT”指出了SPECT相对于PET的可引发显像偏倚的高噪音水平,该文章因更多涉及电子工程学,而非心脏病学,故不收录在CBSMD Scientific Library中。