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From organic and inorganic phosphates to valvular and vascular calcifications Chimney technique in a TAVR-in-TAVR procedure with high risk of left main artery ostium occlusion Impact of final stent dimensions on long-term results following sirolimus-eluting stent implantation: serial intravascular ultrasound analysis from the sirius trial The Use of Sex-Specific Factors in the Assessment of Women’s Cardiovascular Risk High-risk plaque detected on coronary CT angiography predicts acute coronary syndromes independent of significant stenosis in acute chest pain: results from the ROMICAT-II trial Health Status After Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients With Aortic Stenosis Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial Online Quantitative Aortographic Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation After TAVR: Results of the OVAL Study Is intravascular ultrasound beneficial for percutaneous coronary intervention of bifurcation lesions? Evidence from a 4,314-patient registry Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation: a randomized, controlled trial.

Clinical Trial1998 Aug;19(8):1224-31.

JOURNAL:Eur Heart J. Article Link

Treatment of calcified coronary lesions with Palmaz-Schatz stents. An intravascular ultrasound study

Hoffmann R, Mintz GS, Popma JJ et al. Keywords: calcified coronary lesions; intracoronary stents, IVUS, rotational atherectomy

ABSTRACT


AIMSTo evaluate the result of coronary stenting in calcified lesions and to find morphological and procedural factors influencing the final result.


METHODS AND RESULTS - Three hundred and twenty three native coronary artery lesions in 303 patients (197 men, mean age 63.9 +/- 11.5 years) treated with Palmaz-Schatz stents were differentiated into four groups depending on their degree of circumferential calcification as defined by intravascular ultrasound [0-90 degrees (n=120), 91-180 degrees (n=58, 181-270$ (n=71) and 271-360 degrees n=74)]. In 117 lesions rotational atherectomy was used prior to stent placement. Intravascular ultrasound and quantitative angiography were performed prior to treatment and after stent placement to measure minimal and maximal lumen diameter and lumen cross-sectional area at the lesion site and the reference segments. Acute lumen gain and eccentricity index were calculated. Although higher balloon pressures were used than in the minimally calcified lesions. the final angiographic minimal lumen diameter decreased with increasing arc of calcification (3.01 +/- 0.47, 3.04 +/- 0.43, 2.85 +/- 0.53, 2.83 +/- 0.40 mm, respectively, P=0.0320) resulting in a decrease in acute diameter gain with increasing arc of calcification (2.06 +/- 0.51, 1.91 +/- 0.46, 1.81 +/- 0.56, 1.78 +/- 0.51 mm, respectively, P=0.0067). Adjunctive rotational atherectomy prior to stent placement resulted in a greater acute diameter and a greater lumen cross-sectional area gain, coupled with less final residual stenosis than pre-treatment with balloon angioplasty.

CONCLUSION - Implantation of stents in calcified lesions results in less optimal stent expansion, especially in lesions with thick, eccentric calcific plaque layers. Use of adjunctive rotational atherectomy before stent placement may improve the procedural result.