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Shear Stress

Abstract

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High Coronary Shear Stress in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Predicts Myocardial Infarction Local Low Shear Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Atherosclerosis Endothelial ACKR3 drives atherosclerosis by promoting immune cell adhesion to vascular endothelium
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Clinical TrialVolume 71, Issue 19, May 2018

JOURNAL：J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

Local Low Shear Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Atherosclerosis

G Siasos, JD Sara, PH Stone et al. Keywords: atherosclerosis; coronary artery disease; endothelial function; endothelial shear stress; endothelium microvascular disease

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND - Local hemodynamic factors are important determinants of atherosclerotic plaque development and progression.


OBJECTIVES - The goal of this study was to determine the association between low endothelial shear stress (ESS) and microvascular and epicardial endothelial dysfunction in patients with early atherosclerosis.

METHODS - Sixty-five patients (mean age 52 ± 11 years) with nonobstructive coronary atherosclerosis (luminal diameter stenosis <30%) were included. Microvascular and epicardial coronary endothelial function was assessed by using intracoronary acetylcholine infusion. Vascular profiling, using 2-plane coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound, was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional anatomy of the left anterior descending artery. Each reconstructed artery was divided into sequential 3-mm segments and analyzed for local ESS with computational fluid dynamics; that is, lower ESS levels at both a 3-mm regional level (average ESS and low ESS) and at a vessel level (lowest ESS per artery) and for plaque characteristics (plaque area, plaque thickness, and plaque burden).

RESULTS - Coronary segments in arteries with abnormal microvascular function exhibited lower ESS compared with segments in arteries with normal microvascular function (average ESS: 1.67 ± 1.04 Pa vs. 2.03 ± 1.72 Pa [p = 0.050]; lowest ESS: 0.54 ± 0.25 Pa vs. 0.72 ± 0.32 Pa [p = 0.014]). Coronary segments in arteries with abnormal epicardial endothelial function also exhibited significantly lower ESS compared with segments in arteries with normal epicardial function (average ESS: 1.49 ± 0.89 Pa vs. 1.93 ± 1.50 Pa [p < 0.0001]; low ESS: 1.26 ± 0.81 Pa vs. 1.56 ± 1.30 Pa [p = 0.001]; lowest ESS: 0.51 ± 0.27 Pa vs. 0.65 ± 0.29 Pa [p = 0.080]). Patients with abnormal microvascular endothelial function exhibited a progressive decrease in average and low ESS, starting from patients with normal epicardial endothelial function to those with both microvascular and epicardial endothelial dysfunction (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.004, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS - These data indicate an association between dysfunction of the microvascular and epicardial endothelium and local ESS at the early stages of coronary atherosclerosis in humans.
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