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Lipid-rich plaque and myocardial perfusion after successful stenting in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: an optical coherence tomography study Coronary Atherosclerosis T1-Weighed Characterization With Integrated Anatomical Reference: Comparison With High-Risk Plaque Features Detected by Invasive Coronary Imaging Definitions and classifications of bifurcation lesions and treatment Temporal changes in radial access use, associates and outcomes in patients undergoing PCI using rotational atherectomy between 2007 and 2014: results from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society national database Comparison of Coronary Intimal Plaques by Optical Coherence Tomography in Arteries With Versus Without Internal Running Vasa Vasorum Defining cardiovascular toxicities of cancer therapies: an International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS) consensus statement Angiography Alone Versus Angiography Plus Optical Coherence Tomography to Guide Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Outcomes From the Pan-London PCI Cohort Transverse partial stent ablation with rotational atherectomy for suboptimal culotte technique in left main stem bifurcation

Review Article2017 Aug 25;13(6):696-705

JOURNAL:EuroIntervention. Article Link

State of the art: evolving concepts in the treatment of heavily calcified and undilatable coronary stenoses - from debulking to plaque modification, a 40-year-long journey

Barbato E, Shlofmitz E, Milkas A et al. Keywords: rotational atherectomy; cutting balloon; orbital atherectomy; Calcified stenosis; complex PCI

ABSTRACT

Since the first balloon angioplasty by Andreas Grüntzig 40 years ago, interventional cardiology has witnessed the introduction of countless tools and techniques that have significantly contributed to broadening the application of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in unprecedented anatomic settings. Heavily calcified, fibrotic coronary stenosis has traditionally represented a very challenging scenario for PCI, and a very common indication for surgical revascularisation. This was mostly due to the difficulty in adequately dilating these lesions and/or to the inability to deliver and implant stents appropriately, which is often associated with high rates of procedural complications and suboptimal long-term clinical outcomes. Thanks to dedicated cutting and scoring balloons and to atherectomy devices, the treatment of most fibrotic and heavily calcified stenoses has become feasible and safe. Interventional cardiologists have learned how best to apply these tools through better patient and lesion selection, and also as a result of improved technology and techniques. In this review, we describe a 40-year-long journey that has evolved from the initial stand-alone debulking strategy to the currently applied coronary plaque modification, with the main objective of optimising drug-eluting stent delivery and implantation, translating into significantly improved patient outcomes.