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Pivotal trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the orbital atherectomy system in treating de novo, severely calcified coronary lesions (ORBIT II) Temporal changes in radial access use, associates and outcomes in patients undergoing PCI using rotational atherectomy between 2007 and 2014: results from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society national database State of the art: evolving concepts in the treatment of heavily calcified and undilatable coronary stenoses - from debulking to plaque modification, a 40-year-long journey Two-year outcomes after treatment of severely calcified coronary lesions with the orbital atherectomy system and the impact of stent types: Insight from the ORBIT II trial Incidence and Standardized Definitions of Mitral Valve Leaflet Adverse Events After Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair: the EXPAND Study An artificial intelligence-enabled ECG algorithm for the identification of patients with atrial fibrillation during sinus rhythm: a retrospective analysis of outcome prediction Benefits with drug-coated balloon as compared to a conventional revascularization strategy for the treatment of coronary and non-coronary arterial disease: a comprehensive meta-analysis of 45 randomized trials Survival After Coronary Revascularization With Paclitaxel-Coated Balloons 3-Year Clinical Follow-Up of the RIBS IV Clinical Trial A Prospective Randomized Study of Drug-Eluting Balloons Versus Everolimus-Eluting Stents in Patients With In-Stent Restenosis in Coronary Arteries Previously Treated With Drug-Eluting Stents Long-term clinical outcomes of permanent polymer everolimus-eluting stent implantation following rotational atherectomy for severely calcified de novo coronary lesions: Results of a 22-center study (Tokyo-MD PCI Study)

Original Research1995 Apr 1;91(7):1959-65.

JOURNAL:Circulation. Article Link

Patterns of calcification in coronary artery disease. A statistical analysis of intravascular ultrasound and coronary angiography in 1155 lesions

Mintz GS1, Popma JJ, Pichard AD et al. Keywords: calcification; intravascular ultrasound; coronary angiography

ABSTRACT


BACKGROUNDTarget lesion calcium is a marker for significant coronary artery disease and a determinant of the success of transcatheter therapy.


METHODS AND RESULTSEleven hundred fifty-five native vessel target lesions in 1117 patients were studied by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and coronary angiography. The presence, magnitude, location, and distribution of IVUS calcium were analyzed and compared with the detection and classification (none/mild, moderate, and severe) by angiography. Angiography detected calcium in 440 of 1155 lesions (38%): 306 (26%) moderate calcium and 134 (12%) severe. IVUS detected lesion calcium in 841 of 1155 (73%, P < .0001 versus angiography). The mean arc of lesion calcium measured 115 +/- 110 degrees; the mean length measured 3.5 +/- 3.7 mm. Target lesion calcium was only superficial in 48%, only deep in 28%, and both superficial and deep in 24%. The mean arc of superficial calcium measured 85 +/- 108 degrees; the mean length measured 2.4 +/- 3.4 mm. Three hundred seventy-three of 1155 reference segments (32%) contained calcium (P < .0001 compared with lesion site). The mean arc of reference calcium measured 42 +/- 80 degrees; the mean length measured 1.7 +/- 3.6 mm. Only 44 (4%) had reference calcium in the absence of lesion calcium. Angiographic detection and classification of calcium depended on arcs, lengths, location, and distribution of lesion and reference segment calcium. By discriminant analysis, the classification function for predicting angiographic calcium included the arc of target lesion calcium, the arc of superficial calcium, the length of reference segment calcium, and the location of calcium within the lesion. This model correctly predicted the angiographic detection of calcification in 74.4% of lesions and the angiographic classification (none/moderate/severe) of calcium in 62.8% of lesions.

CONCLUSIONSIVUS detected calcium in > 70% of lesions, significantly more often than standard angiography. Although angiography is moderately sensitive for the detection of extensive lesion calcium (sensitivity, 60% and 85% for three- and four-quadrant calcium, respectively), it is less sensitive for the presence of milder degrees.