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New-onset atrial fibrillation after PCI and CABG for left main disease: insights from the EXCEL trial and additional studies Relationship Between Hospital Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement Volume and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Outcomes Ascending Aortic Length and Risk of Aortic Adverse Events: The Neglected Dimension Surgical ineligibility and mortality among patients with unprotected left main or multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention Patterns of calcification in coronary artery disease. A statistical analysis of intravascular ultrasound and coronary angiography in 1155 lesions Coronary Protection to Prevent Coronary Obstruction During TAVR: A Multicenter International Registry 2019 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults With High Blood Pressure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures Serial intravascular ultrasound analysis of the main and side branches in bifurcation lesions treated with the T-stenting technique Impact of coronary anatomy and stenting technique on long-term outcome after drug-eluting stent implantation for unprotected left main coronary artery disease Safety and efficacy of the bioabsorbable polymer everolimus-eluting stent versus durable polymer drug-eluting stents in high-risk patients undergoing PCI: TWILIGHT-SYNERGY

Review ArticleVolume 72, Issue 25, December 2018

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

Clinician’s Guide to Reducing Inflammation to Reduce Atherothrombotic Risk

PM Ridker Keywords: atherosclerosis; canakinumab; CANTOS; inflammation; interleukin-1

ABSTRACT


Life-threatening cardiovascular events occur despite control of conventional risk factors. Inflammation, as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration, is associated with future vascular events in both primary and secondary prevention, independent of usual risk markers. Statins are powerful lipid-lowering agents with clinically relevant anti-inflammatory effects. Recent data support targeting the interleukin (IL)-1-to-IL-6-to-CRP signaling pathway as an adjunctive method for atheroprotection. The CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) trial showed that reducing inflammation through IL-1β inhibition significantly reduced vascular risk, beyond that achievable with lipid lowering. CANTOS further demonstrated a 31% reduction in cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality among patients treated with canakinumab who achieved the largest reductions in hsCRP, as well as efficacy in high-risk patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. This review outlines the clinical implications of CANTOS for patients with “residual inflammatory risk,” the potential benefits and risks associated with anti-inflammatory therapy, and the importance of CANTOS for future drug development.