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Intravascular ultrasound enhances the safety of rotational atherectomy Percutaneous Treatment and Outcomes of Small Coronary Vessels: A SCAAR Report Pulmonary hypertension is associated with an increased incidence of NAFLD: A retrospective cohort study of 18,910 patients Procedural Success and Outcomes With Increasing Use of Enabling Strategies for Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention North American Expert Review of Rotational Atherectomy Orbital atherectomy for the treatment of small (2.5mm) severely calcified coronary lesions: ORBIT II sub-analysis Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Outcomes of Rotational Atherectomy-J2T Multicenter Registry The Regulation of Pulmonary Vascular Tone by Neuropeptides and the Implications for Pulmonary Hypertension Coronary Calcification and Long-Term Outcomes According to Drug-Eluting Stent Generation Pivotal trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the orbital atherectomy system in treating de novo, severely calcified coronary lesions (ORBIT II)

Review ArticleVolume 72, Issue 25, December 2018

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

Clinician’s Guide to Reducing Inflammation to Reduce Atherothrombotic Risk

PM Ridker Keywords: atherosclerosis; canakinumab; CANTOS; inflammation; interleukin-1

ABSTRACT


Life-threatening cardiovascular events occur despite control of conventional risk factors. Inflammation, as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration, is associated with future vascular events in both primary and secondary prevention, independent of usual risk markers. Statins are powerful lipid-lowering agents with clinically relevant anti-inflammatory effects. Recent data support targeting the interleukin (IL)-1-to-IL-6-to-CRP signaling pathway as an adjunctive method for atheroprotection. The CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) trial showed that reducing inflammation through IL-1β inhibition significantly reduced vascular risk, beyond that achievable with lipid lowering. CANTOS further demonstrated a 31% reduction in cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality among patients treated with canakinumab who achieved the largest reductions in hsCRP, as well as efficacy in high-risk patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. This review outlines the clinical implications of CANTOS for patients with “residual inflammatory risk,” the potential benefits and risks associated with anti-inflammatory therapy, and the importance of CANTOS for future drug development.