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Benefit of switching dual antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome: the TOPIC (timing of platelet inhibition after acute coronary syndrome) randomized study Relationship Between Infarct Size and Outcomes Following Primary PCI: Patient-Level Analysis From 10 Randomized Trials Predicting lifetime risk for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Chinese population: the China-PAR project Intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in left main coronary bifurcation lesions: a review Prognostic impact of non-culprit chronic total occlusions in infarct-related cardiogenic shock: results of the randomised IABP-SHOCK II trial Risk of Early Adverse Events After Clopidogrel Discontinuation in Patients Undergoing Short-Term Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: An Individual Participant Data Analysis Risk Stratification for Patients in Cardiogenic Shock After Acute Myocardial Infarction Intracoronary Optical Coherence Tomography 2018: Current Status and Future Directions Non-eligibility for reperfusion therapy in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Contemporary insights from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) Predicting the 10-Year Risks of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Population: The China-PAR Project (Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China)

Review ArticleVolume 72, Issue 25, December 2018

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

Clinician’s Guide to Reducing Inflammation to Reduce Atherothrombotic Risk

PM Ridker Keywords: atherosclerosis; canakinumab; CANTOS; inflammation; interleukin-1

ABSTRACT


Life-threatening cardiovascular events occur despite control of conventional risk factors. Inflammation, as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration, is associated with future vascular events in both primary and secondary prevention, independent of usual risk markers. Statins are powerful lipid-lowering agents with clinically relevant anti-inflammatory effects. Recent data support targeting the interleukin (IL)-1-to-IL-6-to-CRP signaling pathway as an adjunctive method for atheroprotection. The CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) trial showed that reducing inflammation through IL-1β inhibition significantly reduced vascular risk, beyond that achievable with lipid lowering. CANTOS further demonstrated a 31% reduction in cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality among patients treated with canakinumab who achieved the largest reductions in hsCRP, as well as efficacy in high-risk patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. This review outlines the clinical implications of CANTOS for patients with “residual inflammatory risk,” the potential benefits and risks associated with anti-inflammatory therapy, and the importance of CANTOS for future drug development.