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2016 ACC/AHA guideline focused update on duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk: An Analysis of CVD-REAL Novel developments in revascularization for left main coronary artery disease Tissue characterisation of atherosclerotic plaque in the left main: an in vivo intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis Evaluation and Management of Right-Sided Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Poor R-wave progression as a predictor of sudden cardiac death in general population and subjects with coronary artery disease Clopidogrel Pharmacogenetics: State-of-the-Art Review and the TAILOR-PCI Study A pragmatic approach to the use of inotropes for the management of acute and advanced heart failure: An expert panel consensus The spectrum of heart failure: value of left ventricular ejection fraction and its moving trajectories Diuretic Therapy for Patients With Heart Failure JACC State-of-the-Art Review

Review ArticleVolume 72, Issue 25, December 2018

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

Clinician’s Guide to Reducing Inflammation to Reduce Atherothrombotic Risk

PM Ridker Keywords: atherosclerosis; canakinumab; CANTOS; inflammation; interleukin-1

ABSTRACT


Life-threatening cardiovascular events occur despite control of conventional risk factors. Inflammation, as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration, is associated with future vascular events in both primary and secondary prevention, independent of usual risk markers. Statins are powerful lipid-lowering agents with clinically relevant anti-inflammatory effects. Recent data support targeting the interleukin (IL)-1-to-IL-6-to-CRP signaling pathway as an adjunctive method for atheroprotection. The CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) trial showed that reducing inflammation through IL-1β inhibition significantly reduced vascular risk, beyond that achievable with lipid lowering. CANTOS further demonstrated a 31% reduction in cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality among patients treated with canakinumab who achieved the largest reductions in hsCRP, as well as efficacy in high-risk patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. This review outlines the clinical implications of CANTOS for patients with “residual inflammatory risk,” the potential benefits and risks associated with anti-inflammatory therapy, and the importance of CANTOS for future drug development.