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Safety of the Deferral of Coronary Revascularization on the Basis of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve Measurements in Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes Intravascular ultrasound-guided vs angiography-guided drug-eluting stent implantation in complex coronary lesions: Meta-analysis of randomized trials Impact of intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention on long-term clinical outcomes in a real world population Consensus from the 5th European Bifurcation Club meeting Novel percutaneous interventional therapies in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an integrative review A Randomized Study of Distal Filter Protection Versus Conventional Treatment During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Attenuated Plaque Identified by Intravascular Ultrasound SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk: An Analysis of CVD-REAL The Future of Biomarker-Guided Therapy for Heart Failure After the Guiding Evidence-Based Therapy Using Biomarker Intensified Treatment in Heart Failure (GUIDE-IT) Study Fluid Volume Overload and Congestion in Heart Failure: Time to Reconsider Pathophysiology and How Volume Is Assessed Nuclear Imaging of the Cardiac Sympathetic Nervous System: A Disease-Specific Interpretation in Heart Failure

Review Article2018 Sep;72(3):179-185.

JOURNAL:J Cardiol. Article Link

Histopathological validation of optical coherence tomography findings of the coronary arteries

Fujii K, Kawakami R, Hirota S. Keywords: atherosclerosis; OCT; Stent; histopathological validation

ABSTRACT


Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a catheter-based imaging modality for the visualization of coronary arteries, is widely used during percutaneous coronary intervention to improve the understanding of the anatomy of coronary artery stenosis and to elucidate the mechanisms of atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide a short description of the histopathological validations of OCT for visualizing atherosclerotic plaques and vascularhealing response after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. Because OCT measures the intensity of light returning from within a tissue, tissue having a higher heterogeneity of optical index of refraction, such as microcalcification deposition and foam cell accumulation on the luminal surface, may exhibit stronger optical scattering that appears as a thin-cap fibroatheroma image. Furthermore, even if OCT shows exposed uncovered stent struts, some of the struts could be re-endothelialized. In our ex vivo histopathological experience, re-endothelialization at the surface of stent struts was confirmed by histopathological analysis, although OCT images showed exposed uncovered struts after DES implantation. Therefore, careful interpretation is required to assess tissue morphology and stent strut coverage by OCT.