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Switching P2Y12-receptor inhibitors in patients with coronary artery disease Variation in Revascularization Practice and Outcomes in Asymptomatic Stable Ischemic Heart Disease Routine Continuous Electrocardiographic Monitoring Following Percutaneous Coronary Interventions Current Smoking and Prognosis After Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: New Pathophysiological Insights TACIT (High Sensitivity Troponin T Rules Out Acute Cardiac Insufficiency Trial): An Observational Study to Identify Acute Heart Failure Patients at Low Risk for Rehospitalization or Mortality 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia The Task Force for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC): Developed in collaboration with the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC)he management of patients with) Complete Revascularization Versus Culprit Lesion Only in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease: A DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Substudy ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2019 Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodality Imaging in the Assessment of Cardiac Structure and Function in Nonvalvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Burden of 30-Day Readmissions After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in 833,344 Patients in the United States: Predictors, Causes, and Cost Long-Term Effect of Ultrathin-Strut Versus Thin-Strut Drug-Eluting Stents in Patients With Small Vessel Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Subgroup Analysis of the BIOSCIENCE Randomized Trial

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青壮年冠心病的住院趋势已成未来心血管预防领域急需雕琢的一面

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尽管全球范围内历经40余载的面向降低冠心病死亡率预防及治疗已初见成效,然而新的时代赋予冠心病流行病学新的特点,轻龄组冠心病(35-54岁)的住院趋势成为了未来心血管预防领域急需雕琢的一面


1995年-2014年在美国四大社区开展的ARIC(The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities)监测结果呈现了过去20年间35-54岁年龄组罹患急性心肌梗死住院病人的基线特征及流行病学特点:

1. 该年龄组占全年龄组住院人数的30%;

2. 两性差异突出,35-54岁女性年轻患者的住院率呈上升趋势(27%升至32%),男性呈下降趋势;

3. 20年间心血管危险因素如高血压(59% to 73%, P for trend < 0.0001)、糖尿病(25% to 35%, P for trend < 0.0001) 35-54岁年龄组AMI住院患者群中占比显著提升;

4. 该年龄组女性住院患者疾病负担更重;女性较男性而言,较少接受指南指导急性心肌梗死治疗(降脂、非阿司匹林抗血小板药物、冠脉造影和冠脉血运重建);

5. 未观察到两性在1年全因死亡事件发生间的统计学差异(HR=1.10; 95% CI, 0.83–1.45)

该研究结果提示:

1. 应面向女性患者建立多角度一级、二级预防策略;

2. 未来临床试验,尤其是以女性为研究目标人群的临床试验应理解女性心血管危险因素并制定女性特有的治疗路径;

3. 应鼓励加大媒体宣传及女性健康知识普及力度。




同期专题评论文章“Myocardial Infarction in Young Women An Unrecognized and Unexplained Epidemic”指出以下分析观点:

1. 现有可获取的基于死亡的冠心病统计口径既不完整,也不甚精确;而ARIC监测的结果是基于临床诊断病程记录,其可信度要高于医院结算口径;

2. 虽然本研究没有提供54岁以上人群的数据,但年轻人心肌梗死发病率的上升意味着老年人心肌梗死发病率在下降,这与其他发达国家的报告一致;

3.考虑到老龄化社会的各年龄比例,在过去20年间青壮年占比呈下降趋势,但其住院率占比呈上升趋势,ARIC研究数据显示男性住院率走势趋于稳定(30% 升至 33%),可见女性患者问题的突出性;

4. 基于ARIC监测所提供的数据尚不能推断出女性人群的心血管危险因素的恶化与AMI发病率升高有关,但造成女性冠心病患者严重局面的原因除了ARCI研究团队分析的疾病整体负担以外,还包括:

1)女性的社会、社会心理负担较男性严峻,比如收入及教育程度普遍逊于男性,而此项并没有纳入到ARIC研究分析中来;

2)美国女性的医疗保险参保比例低于男性;

3)1980年后女性肥胖率和糖尿病比例升高。