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Determinants and Impact of Heart Failure Readmission Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Intravascular ultrasound-guided unprotected left main coronary artery stenting in the elderly New-onset atrial fibrillation after PCI and CABG for left main disease: insights from the EXCEL trial and additional studies The sinus venosus contributes to coronary vasculature through VEGFC-stimulated angiogenesis Impact of Incomplete Coronary Revascularization on Late Ischemic and Bleeding Events after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement 2019 Guidelines on Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines Associations between Blood Lead Levels and Coronary Artery Stenosis Measured Using Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Left Main Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients With Prior Cerebrovascular Disease: Results From the EXCEL Trial Frailty in Older Adults Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement: The FRAILTY-AVR Study Adenosine and adenosine receptor-mediated action in coronary microcirculation

Review ArticleVolume 74, Issue 12, September 2019

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

From Early Pharmacology to Recent Pharmacology Interventions in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Szummer K, Jernberg T, Wallentin L. Keywords: ACS; antithrombotic treatment; clinical trials; MI; Non STEM; outcomes; PCI; reperfusion treatment; revascularization; STEMI

ABSTRACT


This focus seminar will take the reader through the history and pivotal trials that have formed the current state-of-the-art management for acute coronary syndromes. The identification of a ruptured plaque with thrombus formation and subsequent occlusion or downstream embolization in the coronary artery was the key to developing new and effective treatment strategies. The traditional wait-and-see approach with prolonged bedrest was replaced in the 1980s by immediate pharmacological reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery and long-term aspirin to prevent reinfarction. Mechanical reperfusion with percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting and more intense platelet inhibition with P2Y12 inhibitors further improved outcomes from early 2000s. Adjunctive treatment regimens, including anticoagulants, statins, and neurohormonal inhibition, were found to further reduce mortality and prevent new infarctions. Taken together, the use of new combined pharmacological and interventional treatment strategies has led to a remarkable decrease in 1-year mortality from around 22% in 1995 to around 11% by 2014.