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Epinephrine Versus Norepinephrine for Cardiogenic Shock After Acute Myocardial Infarction Factors associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries as compared with myocardial infarction and obstructive coronary disease: outcomes in a Medicare population MR-proADM as a Prognostic Marker in Patients With ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction-DANAMI-3 (a Danish Study of Optimal Acute Treatment of Patients With STEMI) Substudy Prevalence of anginal symptoms and myocardial ischemia and their effect on clinical outcomes in outpatients with stable coronary artery disease: data from the International Observational CLARIFY Registry 4-Step Protocol for Disparities in STEMI Care and Outcomes in Women Use of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: What Is its Value? Chronic total occlusion intervention of the non-infarct-related artery in acute myocardial infarction patients: the Korean multicenter chronic total occlusion registry Major trials in coronary intervention from 2018

Review ArticleVolume 74, Issue 12, September 2019

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

From Early Pharmacology to Recent Pharmacology Interventions in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Szummer K, Jernberg T, Wallentin L. Keywords: ACS; antithrombotic treatment; clinical trials; MI; Non STEM; outcomes; PCI; reperfusion treatment; revascularization; STEMI

ABSTRACT


This focus seminar will take the reader through the history and pivotal trials that have formed the current state-of-the-art management for acute coronary syndromes. The identification of a ruptured plaque with thrombus formation and subsequent occlusion or downstream embolization in the coronary artery was the key to developing new and effective treatment strategies. The traditional wait-and-see approach with prolonged bedrest was replaced in the 1980s by immediate pharmacological reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery and long-term aspirin to prevent reinfarction. Mechanical reperfusion with percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting and more intense platelet inhibition with P2Y12 inhibitors further improved outcomes from early 2000s. Adjunctive treatment regimens, including anticoagulants, statins, and neurohormonal inhibition, were found to further reduce mortality and prevent new infarctions. Taken together, the use of new combined pharmacological and interventional treatment strategies has led to a remarkable decrease in 1-year mortality from around 22% in 1995 to around 11% by 2014.