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Comparison of inhospital mortality, length of hospitalization, costs, and vascular complications of percutaneous coronary interventions guided by ultrasound versus angiography Histopathologic validation of the intravascular ultrasound diagnosis of calcified coronary artery nodules 3-Year Outcomes of the ULTIMATE Trial Comparing Intravascular Ultrasound Versus Angiography-Guided Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation Prior Pacemaker Implantation and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction Randomized Evaluation of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Patients With Acute Heart Failure and Dopamine - The ROPA-DOP Trial Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement During Pregnancy Comparison of one-year clinical outcomes between intravascular ultrasound-guided versus angiography-guided implantation of drug-eluting stents for left main lesions: a single-center analysis of a 1,016-patient cohort Study of Two Dose Regimens of Ticagrelor Compared with Clopidogrel in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stable Coronary Artery Disease (STEEL-PCI) Reduced Leaflet Motion after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement vs Surgical Replacement in Patients With Pure Aortic Insufficiency

Review ArticleVolume 74, Issue 12, September 2019

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

From Focal Lipid Storage to Systemic Inflammation

P Libby, GK Hansson. Keywords: inflammation; LDL cholesterol; smooth muscle cell

ABSTRACT


Concepts of atherogenesis have evolved considerably with time. Early animal experiments showed that a cholesterol-rich diet could induce fatty lesion formation in arteries. The elucidation of lipoprotein metabolism ultimately led to demonstrating the clinical benefits of lipid lowering. The view of atheromata as bland accumulations of smooth muscle cells that elaborated an extracellular matrix that could entrap lipids then expanded to embrace inflammation as providing pathways that could link risk factors to atherogenesis. The characterization of leukocyte adhesion molecules and their control by proinflammatory cytokines, the ability of chemokines to recruit leukocytes, and the identification of inflammatory cell subtypes in lesions spurred the unraveling of innate and adaptive immune pathways that contribute to atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications. Such pathophysiologic insights have led to the identification of biomarkers that can define categories of risk and direct therapies and to the development of new treatments.