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2019 Guidelines on Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines Active factor XI is associated with the risk of cardiovascular events in stable coronary artery disease patients Clinical and angiographic outcomes of patients treated with everolimus-eluting stents or first-generation Paclitaxel-eluting stents for unprotected left main disease Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Left Main Disease: Pre- and Post-EXCEL (Evaluation of XIENCE Everolimus Eluting Stent Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization) and NOBLE (Nordic-Baltic-British Left Main Revascularization Study) Era Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase promotes LDL receptor shedding and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis Impact of bifurcation technique on 2-year clinical outcomes in 773 patients with distal unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis treated with drug-eluting stents Intravascular ultrasound-guided unprotected left main coronary artery stenting in the elderly Sex-Based Outcomes in Patients With a High Bleeding Risk After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and 1-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Secondary Analysis of the LEADERS FREE Randomized Clinical Trial Anthracycline Therapy Is Associated With Cardiomyocyte Atrophy and Preclinical Manifestations of Heart Disease Long-Term Outcomes of Different Two-Stent Techniques With Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents for Unprotected Left Main Bifurcation Disease: Insights From the FAILS-2 Study
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Review ArticleVolume 74, Issue 12, September 2019

JOURNAL：J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

From Focal Lipid Storage to Systemic Inflammation

P Libby, GK Hansson. Keywords: inflammation; LDL cholesterol; smooth muscle cell

ABSTRACT

Concepts of atherogenesis have evolved considerably with time. Early animal experiments showed that a cholesterol-rich diet could induce fatty lesion formation in arteries. The elucidation of lipoprotein metabolism ultimately led to demonstrating the clinical benefits of lipid lowering. The view of atheromata as bland accumulations of smooth muscle cells that elaborated an extracellular matrix that could entrap lipids then expanded to embrace inflammation as providing pathways that could link risk factors to atherogenesis. The characterization of leukocyte adhesion molecules and their control by proinflammatory cytokines, the ability of chemokines to recruit leukocytes, and the identification of inflammatory cell subtypes in lesions spurred the unraveling of innate and adaptive immune pathways that contribute to atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications. Such pathophysiologic insights have led to the identification of biomarkers that can define categories of risk and direct therapies and to the development of new treatments.


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