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Volumetric characterization of human coronary calcification by frequency-domain optical coherence tomography Comparison of Coronary Intimal Plaques by Optical Coherence Tomography in Arteries With Versus Without Internal Running Vasa Vasorum Mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting for coronary artery disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data The Relation Between Optical Coherence Tomography-Detected Layered Pattern and Acute Side Branch Occlusion After Provisional Stenting of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions Two-year outcomes of everolimus vs. paclitaxel-eluting stent for the treatment of unprotected left main lesions: a propensity score matching comparison of patients included in the French Left Main Taxus (FLM Taxus) and the LEft MAin Xience (LEMAX) registries Left main coronary artery disease: importance, diagnosis, assessment, and management Meta-Analysis of Death and Myocardial Infarction in the DEFINE-FLAIR and iFR-SWEDEHEART Trials Reply: Will Pulmonary Artery Denervation Really Have a Place in the Armamentarium of the Pulmonary Hypertension Specialist? Histopathological validation of optical coherence tomography findings of the coronary arteries Diagnostic accuracy of fractional flow reserve from anatomic CT angiography

Review ArticleVolume 74, Issue 12, September 2019

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

From Focal Lipid Storage to Systemic Inflammation

P Libby, GK Hansson. Keywords: inflammation; LDL cholesterol; smooth muscle cell

ABSTRACT


Concepts of atherogenesis have evolved considerably with time. Early animal experiments showed that a cholesterol-rich diet could induce fatty lesion formation in arteries. The elucidation of lipoprotein metabolism ultimately led to demonstrating the clinical benefits of lipid lowering. The view of atheromata as bland accumulations of smooth muscle cells that elaborated an extracellular matrix that could entrap lipids then expanded to embrace inflammation as providing pathways that could link risk factors to atherogenesis. The characterization of leukocyte adhesion molecules and their control by proinflammatory cytokines, the ability of chemokines to recruit leukocytes, and the identification of inflammatory cell subtypes in lesions spurred the unraveling of innate and adaptive immune pathways that contribute to atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications. Such pathophysiologic insights have led to the identification of biomarkers that can define categories of risk and direct therapies and to the development of new treatments.