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Regional Heterogeneity in the Coronary Vascular Response in Women With Chest Pain and Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease Heart Failure With Improved Ejection Fraction-Is it Possible to Escape One’s Past? Safety and efficacy of a self-expanding versus a balloon-expandable bioprosthesis for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: a randomised non-inferiority trial Systemic microvascular dysfunction in microvascular and vasospastic angina Effect of Evolocumab on Complex Coronary Disease Requiring Revascularization Poor Long-Term Survival in Patients With Moderate Aortic Stenosis Percutaneous Atriotomy for Levoatrial–to–Coronary Sinus Shunting in Symptomatic Heart Failure: First-in-Human Experience Aspirin with or without Clopidogrel after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation Increased glycated albumin and decreased esRAGE levels in serum are related to negative coronary artery remodeling in patients with type 2 diabetes: an Intravascular ultrasound study A trial to evaluate the effect of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (DAPA-HF)

Review ArticleVolume 12, Issue 9, September 2019

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. ACC Cardiovasc Imaging. Article Link

Why and How to Measure Aortic Valve Calcification in Patients With Aortic Stenosis

T Pawade, T Sheth, E Guzzetti, MR Dweck et al. Keywords: aortic stenosis;aortic valve calcification; computed tomography

ABSTRACT

The first-line evaluation of aortic stenosis severity is Doppler echocardiography. However, in up to 40% of patients, resting echocardiographic assessment of aortic stenosis severity is discordant, leading to clinical uncertainty. Interest has therefore grown in aortic valve calcium scoring by multidetector computed tomography (CT-AVC) as an alternative load independent assessment of aortic stenosis severity. This paper will briefly review the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis and the crucial role that calcification plays in driving progressive obstruction of the valve. Subsequently, it will describe published reports that have investigated CT-AVC, validating this parameter against histology, and establishing its diagnostic accuracy versus echocardiography as well as its powerful independent prognostic capability. Finally, this review seeks to provide a practical guide about how best to acquire and interpret CT-AVC with a close focus on potential pitfalls and how these might be best avoided as this technique becomes more widely adopted in to clinical practice.