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Metformin Lowers Body Weight But Fails to Increase Insulin Sensitivity in Chronic Heart Failure Patients without Diabetes: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study The Use of Sex-Specific Factors in the Assessment of Women’s Cardiovascular Risk A Combined Optical Coherence Tomography and Intravascular Ultrasound Study on Plaque Rupture, Plaque Erosion, and Calcified Nodule in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Incidence, Morphologic Characteristics, and Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Transcatheter versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Prior Cardiac Surgery in the Randomized PARTNER 2A Trial Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review Summary of Updated Recommendations for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women: JACC State-of-the-Art Review Lifestyle Modifications for Preventing and Treating Heart Failure Impact of Positive and Negative Lesion Site Remodeling on Clinical Outcomes : Insights From PROSPECT Heart Failure With Recovered Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: JACC Scientific Expert Panel Meta-Analysis of Effectiveness and Safety of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-to-Intermediate Surgical Risk Cohort

Review ArticleVolume 12, Issue 9, September 2019

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. ACC Cardiovasc Imaging. Article Link

Why and How to Measure Aortic Valve Calcification in Patients With Aortic Stenosis

T Pawade, T Sheth, E Guzzetti, MR Dweck et al. Keywords: aortic stenosis;aortic valve calcification; computed tomography

ABSTRACT

The first-line evaluation of aortic stenosis severity is Doppler echocardiography. However, in up to 40% of patients, resting echocardiographic assessment of aortic stenosis severity is discordant, leading to clinical uncertainty. Interest has therefore grown in aortic valve calcium scoring by multidetector computed tomography (CT-AVC) as an alternative load independent assessment of aortic stenosis severity. This paper will briefly review the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis and the crucial role that calcification plays in driving progressive obstruction of the valve. Subsequently, it will describe published reports that have investigated CT-AVC, validating this parameter against histology, and establishing its diagnostic accuracy versus echocardiography as well as its powerful independent prognostic capability. Finally, this review seeks to provide a practical guide about how best to acquire and interpret CT-AVC with a close focus on potential pitfalls and how these might be best avoided as this technique becomes more widely adopted in to clinical practice.