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Heart Failure With Mid-Range (Borderline) Ejection Fraction: Clinical Implications and Future Directions Timing of Intervention in Aortic Stenosis A Fully Magnetically Levitated Circulatory Pump for Advanced Heart Failure Operator Experience and Outcomes After Left Main Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Clinical applications of machine learning in the diagnosis, classification, and prediction of heart failure Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibition in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration: Reconciling the Inconsistencies Rationale and design of the GUIDE-IT study: Guiding Evidence Based Therapy Using Biomarker Intensified Treatment in Heart Failure Association Between Functional Impairment and Medication Burden in Adults with Heart Failure Baseline Features of the VICTORIA (Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction) Trial

Review ArticleVolume 74, Issue 25, December 2019

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

Limitations of Repeat Revascularization as an Outcome Measure

P Lamelas, J Belardi, R Whitlock et al. Keywords: CABG; coronary artery disease; PCI; revascularization

ABSTRACT

Repeat revascularization is a commonly used outcome measure in trials comparing percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and differences in this outcome often drive the relative risk for the primary endpoint. However, repeat revascularization as an outcome measure has important limitations that complicates its meaningful interpretation, including confounding by indication (driven by varying use of stress testing and thresholds for invasive angiography), differential likelihood of revascularization after graft versus stent failure, uncertainty of the prognostic impact of repeat revascularization, and patient preferences and appraisal of the import of repeat revascularization. Knowledge of these issues will result in better appreciation of the utility of repeat revascularization as a clinically meaningful outcome measure. The authors describe these issues and provide recommendations for the use and assessment of repeat revascularization as an endpoint when comparing different revascularization modalities.