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Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Optimal Stent Strategy in Left Main Coronary Bifurcation Stenting Cellular origin and developmental program of coronary angiogenesis Angiographic derived endothelial shear stress: a new predictor of atherosclerotic disease progression Statin Effects on Vascular Calcification: Microarchitectural Changes in Aortic Calcium Deposits in Aged Hyperlipidemic Mice Sox17 Controls Emergence and Remodeling of Nestin-Expressing Coronary Vessels Superficial Calcium Fracture After PCI as Assessed by OCT 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) Everolimus-eluting stent implantation for unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis. The PRECOMBAT-2 (Premier of Randomized Comparison of Bypass Surgery versus Angioplasty Using Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in Patients with Left Main Coronary Artery Disease) study Self-expandable sirolimus-eluting stents compared to second-generation drug-eluting stents for the treatment of the left main: A propensity score analysis from the SPARTA and the FAILS-2 registries Machine Learning Using CT-FFR Predicts Proximal Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation Associated With LAD Myocardial Bridging

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TAVR: Role of Multimodality Imaging

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The following are key points to remember from this state-of-the-art review on transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and the role of multimodality imaging in common and complex clinical scenarios:

  1. 1. TAVR has rapidly become an established therapy for patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS).
  2. 2. Technological advances and the learning curve have resulted in better procedural results in terms of hemodynamic valve performance and intermediate-term clinical outcomes.
  3. 3. The integration of anatomical and functional information provided by multimodality imaging has improved size selection of TAVR prostheses, permitted better patient selection, and provided new insights in the performance of the TAVR prostheses at follow-up.
  4. 4. The use of 3D imaging techniques (multi-detector row computed tomography [MDCT], cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR], and 3D echocardiography) that permit accurate measurement of the left ventricular outflow tract area by direct planimetry has demonstrated the ability to reclassify severe AS patients into moderate AS by 12% in patients with low-flow, low-gradient severe AS.
  5. 5. Furthermore, the field of TAVR continues to develop and expand the technique to younger patients with lower risk on the one hand, and more complex clinical scenarios, on the other hand, such as degenerated aortic bioprostheses, bicuspid aortic valves, or pure native aortic regurgitation.
  6. 6. The use of both echocardiography and MDCT is key in the diagnosis of patients with severe AS who may benefit from TAVR as well as in the procedural planning and evaluation of the results at follow-up.
  7. 7. The number of patients with bicuspid AS treated with TAVR is increasing and the TAVR results with the use of new generation prostheses are promising.
  8. 8. TAVR in degenerated bioprosthesis has been an important recent breakthrough because re-operation in these individuals is associated with very high mortality.
  9. 9. Patients with native aortic regurgitation are also now being treated with TAVR.
  10. 10. These newer indications for TAVR need careful imaging evaluation of the anatomy of the landing zone to ensure successful anchoring of the TAVR prosthesis and to minimize complications. These new horizons for TAVR are making multimodality imaging critically important for this evolving therapy.