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Pivotal trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the orbital atherectomy system in treating de novo, severely calcified coronary lesions (ORBIT II) State of the art: evolving concepts in the treatment of heavily calcified and undilatable coronary stenoses - from debulking to plaque modification, a 40-year-long journey Temporal changes in radial access use, associates and outcomes in patients undergoing PCI using rotational atherectomy between 2007 and 2014: results from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society national database Two-year outcomes after treatment of severely calcified coronary lesions with the orbital atherectomy system and the impact of stent types: Insight from the ORBIT II trial Incidence and Standardized Definitions of Mitral Valve Leaflet Adverse Events After Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair: the EXPAND Study An artificial intelligence-enabled ECG algorithm for the identification of patients with atrial fibrillation during sinus rhythm: a retrospective analysis of outcome prediction Benefits with drug-coated balloon as compared to a conventional revascularization strategy for the treatment of coronary and non-coronary arterial disease: a comprehensive meta-analysis of 45 randomized trials Survival After Coronary Revascularization With Paclitaxel-Coated Balloons 3-Year Clinical Follow-Up of the RIBS IV Clinical Trial A Prospective Randomized Study of Drug-Eluting Balloons Versus Everolimus-Eluting Stents in Patients With In-Stent Restenosis in Coronary Arteries Previously Treated With Drug-Eluting Stents Long-term clinical outcomes of permanent polymer everolimus-eluting stent implantation following rotational atherectomy for severely calcified de novo coronary lesions: Results of a 22-center study (Tokyo-MD PCI Study)

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TAVR: Role of Multimodality Imaging

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The following are key points to remember from this state-of-the-art review on transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and the role of multimodality imaging in common and complex clinical scenarios:

  1. 1. TAVR has rapidly become an established therapy for patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS).
  2. 2. Technological advances and the learning curve have resulted in better procedural results in terms of hemodynamic valve performance and intermediate-term clinical outcomes.
  3. 3. The integration of anatomical and functional information provided by multimodality imaging has improved size selection of TAVR prostheses, permitted better patient selection, and provided new insights in the performance of the TAVR prostheses at follow-up.
  4. 4. The use of 3D imaging techniques (multi-detector row computed tomography [MDCT], cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR], and 3D echocardiography) that permit accurate measurement of the left ventricular outflow tract area by direct planimetry has demonstrated the ability to reclassify severe AS patients into moderate AS by 12% in patients with low-flow, low-gradient severe AS.
  5. 5. Furthermore, the field of TAVR continues to develop and expand the technique to younger patients with lower risk on the one hand, and more complex clinical scenarios, on the other hand, such as degenerated aortic bioprostheses, bicuspid aortic valves, or pure native aortic regurgitation.
  6. 6. The use of both echocardiography and MDCT is key in the diagnosis of patients with severe AS who may benefit from TAVR as well as in the procedural planning and evaluation of the results at follow-up.
  7. 7. The number of patients with bicuspid AS treated with TAVR is increasing and the TAVR results with the use of new generation prostheses are promising.
  8. 8. TAVR in degenerated bioprosthesis has been an important recent breakthrough because re-operation in these individuals is associated with very high mortality.
  9. 9. Patients with native aortic regurgitation are also now being treated with TAVR.
  10. 10. These newer indications for TAVR need careful imaging evaluation of the anatomy of the landing zone to ensure successful anchoring of the TAVR prosthesis and to minimize complications. These new horizons for TAVR are making multimodality imaging critically important for this evolving therapy.