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Empagliflozin and Progression of Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Prognostic implications of baseline 6‐min walk test performance in intermediate risk patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement Relation between baseline plaque features and subsequent coronary artery remodeling determined by optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound Stage-dependent differential effects of interleukin-1 isoforms on experimental atherosclerosis Considerations for Optimal Device Selection in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Review Long-term outcome of prosthesis-patient mismatch after transcatheter aortic valve replacement Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial Five-Year Outcomes of Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement 2021 ACC/AHA Key Data Elements and Definitions for Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Data Standards for Heart Failure) Impact of Lesion Preparation Strategies on Outcomes of Left Main PCI: The EXCEL Trial

Review ArticleVolume 74, Issue 6, 13 August 2019, Pages 804-813

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

Cardiovascular Aging and Heart Failure: JACC Review Topic of the Week

F Triposkiadis, A Xanthopoulos, J Butler et al. Keywords: aging; amyloidosis; comorbidities; heart failure; risk factors

ABSTRACT


Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that usually develops in the elderly. Complex interactions of the cardiovascular aging process with risk factors (obesity, hypertension, and atherosclerosis), comorbidities (anemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and so on), and disease modifiers (sex, genes, others) contribute to the development of HF phenotype and outcome. A conglomerate of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlies the effects of aging on cardiovascular function, the most important being excessive oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation superimposed on the limited cardiac regeneration capacity. Notably, a sizeable percentage of elderly HF patients have cardiac amyloidosis, an HF precipitator. This review summarizes the current published data on the mechanisms of cardiovascular aging as they contribute to the development of HF phenotype and outcome.