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Long-term clinical outcomes after treatment of stent restenosis with two drug-coated balloons Effect of orbital atherectomy in calcified coronary artery lesions as assessed by optical coherence tomography Comparison of the safety and efficacy of two types of drug-eluting balloons (RESTORE DEB and SeQuent® Please) in the treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (RESTORE ISR China) Percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-coated balloon-only strategy in stable coronary artery disease and in acute coronary syndromes: An all-comers registry study Percutaneous Pulmonary Angioplasty for Patients With Takayasu Arteritis and Pulmonary Hypertension Procedural Success and Outcomes With Increasing Use of Enabling Strategies for Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention In-Hospital Outcomes of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Patients With Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Percutaneous Treatment and Outcomes of Small Coronary Vessels: A SCAAR Report The European bifurcation club Left Main Coronary Stent study: a randomized comparison of stepwise provisional vs. systematic dual stenting strategies (EBC MAIN) Angiographic quantitative flow ratio-guided coronary intervention (FAVOR III China): a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial

Review Article2020 Dec 18;S0828-282X(20)31146-6.

JOURNAL:Can J Cardiol. Article Link

Pathophysiology, diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches for ischemic mitral regurgitation

S Hadjadj, O Marsit, J-M Paradis et al. Keywords: ischemic mitral regurgitation; diagnosis; therapy

ABSTRACT

Ischemic mitral regurgitation is a valvular complication frequently seen in patients with coronary artery disease and associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Ischemic mitral regurgitation has a complex, heterogeneous and still incompletely understood pathophysiology involving both the mitral valve and the left ventricle. The occurrence of valve regurgitation in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy will in return accelerate left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction, ultimately leading to irreversible heart failure. Diagnostic evaluation of ischemic mitral regurgitation is unique and different from the other causes of mitral regurgitation. The severity thresholds associated with outcomes are different from primary MR, and specific imaging characteristics are potentially useful to guide therapy. The use of imaging modalities such as 3D echocardiography and cardiac MRI can refine the diagnostic evaluation and help to choose the correct management. While multiple treatments are available to improve ischemic mitral regurgitation, each therapeutic option is associated with limitations and incomplete success. Therapy has therefore to be individualized for each patient. Current options include optimal medical therapy, cardiac resynchronization, percutaneous or surgical revascularization, surgical mitral repair or replacement and new percutaneous interventions. The current manuscript aims to discuss the last insights on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatments of ischemic mitral regurgitation.
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a frequent disease with significant morbidity 
 
. There are multiple causes to MR, each with their own management strategies. Secondary (or functional) MR occurs in response to a primary left ventricle (LV) disease and currently represents a formidable therapeutic challenge. While clearly associated with adverse prognosis, few treatments have been shown to influence clinical outcomes in this population. Most data for secondary MR are derived from patients with ischemic heart disease, in which case the term ischemic MR is used. Ischemic MR has a complex physiology involving both the LV and the mitral leaflets. Multiple characteristics are making the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of ischemic MR unique and distinct from the other causes of MR.