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Impact of Optimized Procedure-Related Factors in Drug-Eluting Balloon Angioplasty for Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis Short-term and long-term clinical outcomes of rotational atherectomy in resistant chronic total occlusion Coronary CT Angiography and 5-Year Risk of Myocardial Infarction Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndrome Canadian spontaneous coronary artery dissection cohort study: in-hospital and 30-day outcomes Heart Failure With Preserved, Borderline, and Reduced Ejection Fraction: 5-Year Outcomes Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Colchicine after Myocardial Infarction Pharmacotherapy in the Management of Anxiety and Pain During Acute Coronary Syndromes and the Risk of Developing Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Intravenous Statin Administration During Myocardial Infarction Compared With Oral Post-Infarct Administration Coronary Angiography in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Without ST-Segment Elevation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Review Article2020 Dec 18;S0828-282X(20)31146-6.

JOURNAL:Can J Cardiol. Article Link

Pathophysiology, diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches for ischemic mitral regurgitation

S Hadjadj, O Marsit, J-M Paradis et al. Keywords: ischemic mitral regurgitation; diagnosis; therapy

ABSTRACT

Ischemic mitral regurgitation is a valvular complication frequently seen in patients with coronary artery disease and associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Ischemic mitral regurgitation has a complex, heterogeneous and still incompletely understood pathophysiology involving both the mitral valve and the left ventricle. The occurrence of valve regurgitation in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy will in return accelerate left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction, ultimately leading to irreversible heart failure. Diagnostic evaluation of ischemic mitral regurgitation is unique and different from the other causes of mitral regurgitation. The severity thresholds associated with outcomes are different from primary MR, and specific imaging characteristics are potentially useful to guide therapy. The use of imaging modalities such as 3D echocardiography and cardiac MRI can refine the diagnostic evaluation and help to choose the correct management. While multiple treatments are available to improve ischemic mitral regurgitation, each therapeutic option is associated with limitations and incomplete success. Therapy has therefore to be individualized for each patient. Current options include optimal medical therapy, cardiac resynchronization, percutaneous or surgical revascularization, surgical mitral repair or replacement and new percutaneous interventions. The current manuscript aims to discuss the last insights on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatments of ischemic mitral regurgitation.
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a frequent disease with significant morbidity 
 
. There are multiple causes to MR, each with their own management strategies. Secondary (or functional) MR occurs in response to a primary left ventricle (LV) disease and currently represents a formidable therapeutic challenge. While clearly associated with adverse prognosis, few treatments have been shown to influence clinical outcomes in this population. Most data for secondary MR are derived from patients with ischemic heart disease, in which case the term ischemic MR is used. Ischemic MR has a complex physiology involving both the LV and the mitral leaflets. Multiple characteristics are making the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of ischemic MR unique and distinct from the other causes of MR.