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The Future of Biomarker-Guided Therapy for Heart Failure After the Guiding Evidence-Based Therapy Using Biomarker Intensified Treatment in Heart Failure (GUIDE-IT) Study Intravascular ultrasound-guided implantation of drug-eluting stents to improve outcome: a meta-analysis In vivo intravascular ultrasound-derived thin-cap fibroatheroma detection using ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis Bypass Surgery or Stenting for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Diabetes Economic and Quality-of-Life Outcomes of Natriuretic Peptide–Guided Therapy for Heart Failure Left Main Revascularization With PCI or CABG in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: EXCEL Trial Patient Selection and Clinical Outcomes in the STOPDAPT-2 Trial: An All-Comer Single-Center Registry During the Enrollment Period of the STOPDAPT-2 Randomized Controlled Trial Use of Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention to Treat Left Main Coronary Artery Disease Clinical impact of intravascular ultrasound-guided chronic total occlusion intervention with zotarolimus-eluting versus biolimus-eluting stent implantation: randomized study Non-obstructive High-Risk Plaques Increase the Risk of Future Culprit Lesions Comparable to Obstructive Plaques Without High-Risk Features: The ICONIC Study

Review Article2020 Dec 18;S0828-282X(20)31146-6.

JOURNAL:Can J Cardiol. Article Link

Pathophysiology, diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches for ischemic mitral regurgitation

S Hadjadj, O Marsit, J-M Paradis et al. Keywords: ischemic mitral regurgitation; diagnosis; therapy

ABSTRACT

Ischemic mitral regurgitation is a valvular complication frequently seen in patients with coronary artery disease and associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Ischemic mitral regurgitation has a complex, heterogeneous and still incompletely understood pathophysiology involving both the mitral valve and the left ventricle. The occurrence of valve regurgitation in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy will in return accelerate left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction, ultimately leading to irreversible heart failure. Diagnostic evaluation of ischemic mitral regurgitation is unique and different from the other causes of mitral regurgitation. The severity thresholds associated with outcomes are different from primary MR, and specific imaging characteristics are potentially useful to guide therapy. The use of imaging modalities such as 3D echocardiography and cardiac MRI can refine the diagnostic evaluation and help to choose the correct management. While multiple treatments are available to improve ischemic mitral regurgitation, each therapeutic option is associated with limitations and incomplete success. Therapy has therefore to be individualized for each patient. Current options include optimal medical therapy, cardiac resynchronization, percutaneous or surgical revascularization, surgical mitral repair or replacement and new percutaneous interventions. The current manuscript aims to discuss the last insights on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatments of ischemic mitral regurgitation.
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a frequent disease with significant morbidity 
 
. There are multiple causes to MR, each with their own management strategies. Secondary (or functional) MR occurs in response to a primary left ventricle (LV) disease and currently represents a formidable therapeutic challenge. While clearly associated with adverse prognosis, few treatments have been shown to influence clinical outcomes in this population. Most data for secondary MR are derived from patients with ischemic heart disease, in which case the term ischemic MR is used. Ischemic MR has a complex physiology involving both the LV and the mitral leaflets. Multiple characteristics are making the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of ischemic MR unique and distinct from the other causes of MR.