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2017 AHA/ACC Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement with a self-expanding prosthesis Diagnostic performance of noninvasive myocardial perfusion imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography imaging for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis ACCF/AHA 2007 clinical expert consensus document on coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography in global cardiovascular risk assessment and in evaluation of patients with chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography) developed in collaboration with the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Cardiac surgery following transcatheter aortic valve replacement Lipid-Modifying Agents, From Statins to PCSK9 Inhibitors: JACC Focus Seminar Lateral Wall Dysfunction Signals Onset of Progressive Heart Failure in Left Bundle Branch Block Randomized comparison of clinical outcomes between intravascular ultrasound and angiography-guided drug-eluting stent implantation for long coronary artery stenoses Usefulness of minimum stent cross sectional area as a predictor of angiographic restenosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction (from the HORIZONS-AMI Trial IVUS substudy) Contemporary real-world outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement in 141,905 low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients
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Clinical Trial2021 Aug 1;152:34-42.

JOURNAL：Am J Cardiol. Article Link

Effect of Lipoprotein (a) Levels on Long-term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries

SD Gao, WJ Ma, MY Yu Keywords: Lp(a); MINOCA; STEMI; prognostic value; MACE

ABSTRACT

The association between elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and poor outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD) has been addressed for decades. However, little is known about the prognostic value of Lp(a) in patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). A total of 1179 patients with MINOCA were enrolled and divided into low, medium, and high Lp(a) groups based on the cut-off value of 10 and 30mg/dL. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed. Accuracy was defined as area under the curve (AUC) using a receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Patients with higher Lp(a) levels had a significantly higher incidence of MACE (9.5%, 14.6%, 18.5%; p = 0.002) during the median follow-up of 41.7 months. The risk of MACE also increased with the rising Lp(a) levels even after multivariate adjustment [low Lp(a) group as reference, medium group: hazard ratio (HR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-2.40, p = 0.047; high group: HR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.32-3.25, p = 0.001]. Further, clinically elevated Lp(a) defined as Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dL was closely associated with an increased risk of MACE in overall and in subgroups (all p <0.05). When adding Lp(a) (AUC 0.61) into the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score (AUC 0.68), the combined model (AUC 0.73) yielded a significant improvement in discrimination for MACE (ΔAUC 0.05, p = 0.032). In conclusion, elevated Lp(a) was strongly associated with a poor prognosis in patients with MINOCA. Adding Lp(a) to traditional risk score further improved risk prediction. Our data, for the first time, confirmed the Lp(a) as a residual risk factor for MINOCA.
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