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Nuclear Imaging of the Cardiac Sympathetic Nervous System: A Disease-Specific Interpretation in Heart Failure Stage B heart failure: management of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction A Fully Magnetically Levitated Circulatory Pump for Advanced Heart Failure In acute HF and iron deficiency, IV ferric carboxymaltose reduced HF hospitalizations, but not CV death, at 1 y Can Biomarkers of Myocardial Injury Provide Complementary Information to Coronary Imaging? Bypass Surgery or Stenting for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Diabetes Intravascular ultrasound-guided systematic two-stent techniques for coronary bifurcation lesions and reduced late stent thrombosis Clinical epidemiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in comparatively young hospitalized patients Impact of Myocardial Scar on Prognostic Implication of Secondary Mitral Regurgitation in Heart Failure The Future of Biomarker-Guided Therapy for Heart Failure After the Guiding Evidence-Based Therapy Using Biomarker Intensified Treatment in Heart Failure (GUIDE-IT) Study

Review Article 2009 Jan;2(1):65-72.

JOURNAL:JACC Cardiovasc Interv. Article Link

Attenuated plaque detected by intravascular ultrasound: clinical, angiographic, and morphologic features and post-percutaneous coronary intervention complications in patients with acute coronary syndromes

Lee SY, Mintz GS, Kim SY et al. Keywords: attenuated plaque; IVUS; ACS

ABSTRACT


OBJECTIVES - We evaluated the clinical significance of attenuated plaque (hypoechoic plaque with deep ultrasound attenuation).


BACKGROUND - Attenuated plaques are unusual intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

METHODS - We reviewed clinical presentations and angiographic and pre-intervention IVUS findings in 293 ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without a distal protection device: 187 with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 106 with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

RESULTS - Attenuated plaque was observed in 75 patients (25.6%): 39.6% of STEMI versus 17.6% of NSTEMI (p < 0.001). (We also reviewed 100 randomly selected patients with stable angina and pre-intervention IVUS; none had attenuated plaque.) Overall, in ACS patients with attenuated plaques: 1) the level of C-reactive protein was higher; 2) angiographic thrombus and initial coronary flow Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade <2 were more common; and 3) IVUS lesion site plaque burden and remodeling index were significantly greater, lesion site luminal dimensions significantly smaller, and thrombus, positive remodeling, and plaque rupture were more common. No-reflow (26.7% vs. 4.6%, p < 0.001) and deteriorated post-PCI coronary blood flow (8.0% vs. 2.8%, p = 0.001) were higher. In ACS patients with normal coronary blood flow at baseline, deterioration in the coronary blood flow post-PCI was more common in lesions with attenuated plaque.

CONCLUSIONS - Attenuated plaque was more common in ACS patients with STEMI than NSTEMI. Attenuated plaque in ACS patients was associated with a higher C-reactive protein level, more severe and complex lesion morphology, reduced coronary blood flow before PCI, and especially no-reflow after PCI.