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Drug-Coated Balloons for Coronary Artery Disease: Third Report of the International DCB Consensus Group Percutaneous Repair or Medical Treatment for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: Outcomes at 2 years Physiology-Based Revascularization: A New Approach to Plan and Optimize Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: State-of-the-Art Review Optical Coherence Tomography–Defined Plaque Vulnerability in Relation to Functional Stenosis Severity and Microvascular Dysfunction Prognostic Implication of Functional Incomplete Revascularization and Residual Functional SYNTAX Score in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Management of pulmonary hypertension from left heart disease in candidates for orthotopic heart transplantation Left ventricular remodelling and changes in functional measurements in patients undergoing transcatheter vs surgical aortic valve replacement: a head-to-head comparison Prediction of progression of coronary artery disease and clinical outcomes using vascular profiling of endothelial shear stress and arterial plaque characteristics: the PREDICTION Study Clinical and angiographic outcomes of coronary dissection after paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty for small vessel coronary artery disease Multicenter Registry of Real-World Patients With Severely Calcified Coronary Lesions Undergoing Orbital Atherectomy: 1-Year Outcomes

Letter2015 Oct;8(10):1228-9.

JOURNAL:JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. Article Link

Superficial Calcium Fracture After PCI as Assessed by OCT

Kubo T, Shimamura K, Ino Y et al. Keywords: calcium fracture; stent underexpansion; OCT

ABSTRACT


Heavily calcified lesions in coronary arteries have been known to cause stent underexpansion, which increases the risk of in-stent restenosis. Plaque modification before stent implantation is considered to be the key for treatment of calcified lesions. We hypothesized that calcium fracture by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) might be associated with adequate stent expansion and favorable late outcome.


From the coronary catheterization registry of Wakayama Medical University between February 1, 2010 and August 31, 2013, we retrospectively selected 61 patients with chronic stable angina who had a heavily calcified culprit lesion on coronary angiography. The heavily calcified lesion on coronary angiography was identified by radiopacities noted without cardiac motion before contrast injection, generally compromising both sides of the arterial lumen. Everolimus-eluting stent was used for PCI. PCI procedures including stent size, pre- and post-dilation, and inflation pressure were determined by each physician. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed before and immediately after PCI. Maximal calcium thickness, maximal calcium arc, and maximal calcium length were measured on each candidate frame selected by visual screening in the OCT images before PCI. Calcium fracture and stent expansion were assessed in the OCT images immediately after PCI. Calcium fracture was characterized by a gap of calcium and direct exposure of calcium to the lumen at the gap. The calcium fracture thickness was measured at the edge of the fracture. The minimal stent area was measured on a candidate frame selected by visual screening. Stent expansion index was calculated as the minimal stent area divided by the average of the proximal and distal reference lumen area. Scheduled follow-up angiography was conducted 10 months after PCI.