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Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in the Young 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society A pragmatic approach to the use of inotropes for the management of acute and advanced heart failure: An expert panel consensus Clopidogrel Pharmacogenetics: State-of-the-Art Review and the TAILOR-PCI Study Derivation, Validation, and Prognostic Utility of a Prediction Rule for Nonresponse to Clopidogrel: The ABCD-GENE Score Comparison of intravascular ultrasound guided versus angiography guided drug eluting stent implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis Relationship between intravascular ultrasound guidance and clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stents: the assessment of dual antiplatelet therapy with drug-eluting stents (ADAPT-DES) study Mechanical complications of everolimus-eluting stents associated with adverse events: an intravascular ultrasound study Fluid Volume Overload and Congestion in Heart Failure: Time to Reconsider Pathophysiology and How Volume Is Assessed Assessment of coronary atherosclerosis by IVUS and IVUS-based imaging modalities: progression and regression studies, tissue composition and beyond

Letter2015 Oct;8(10):1228-9.

JOURNAL:JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. Article Link

Superficial Calcium Fracture After PCI as Assessed by OCT

Kubo T, Shimamura K, Ino Y et al. Keywords: calcium fracture; stent underexpansion; OCT

ABSTRACT


Heavily calcified lesions in coronary arteries have been known to cause stent underexpansion, which increases the risk of in-stent restenosis. Plaque modification before stent implantation is considered to be the key for treatment of calcified lesions. We hypothesized that calcium fracture by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) might be associated with adequate stent expansion and favorable late outcome.


From the coronary catheterization registry of Wakayama Medical University between February 1, 2010 and August 31, 2013, we retrospectively selected 61 patients with chronic stable angina who had a heavily calcified culprit lesion on coronary angiography. The heavily calcified lesion on coronary angiography was identified by radiopacities noted without cardiac motion before contrast injection, generally compromising both sides of the arterial lumen. Everolimus-eluting stent was used for PCI. PCI procedures including stent size, pre- and post-dilation, and inflation pressure were determined by each physician. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed before and immediately after PCI. Maximal calcium thickness, maximal calcium arc, and maximal calcium length were measured on each candidate frame selected by visual screening in the OCT images before PCI. Calcium fracture and stent expansion were assessed in the OCT images immediately after PCI. Calcium fracture was characterized by a gap of calcium and direct exposure of calcium to the lumen at the gap. The calcium fracture thickness was measured at the edge of the fracture. The minimal stent area was measured on a candidate frame selected by visual screening. Stent expansion index was calculated as the minimal stent area divided by the average of the proximal and distal reference lumen area. Scheduled follow-up angiography was conducted 10 months after PCI.