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Active factor XI is associated with the risk of cardiovascular events in stable coronary artery disease patients Clinical and angiographic outcomes of patients treated with everolimus-eluting stents or first-generation Paclitaxel-eluting stents for unprotected left main disease Comprehensive Investigation of Circulating Biomarkers and their Causal Role in Atherosclerosis-related Risk Factors and Clinical Events Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase promotes LDL receptor shedding and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Left Main Disease: Pre- and Post-EXCEL (Evaluation of XIENCE Everolimus Eluting Stent Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization) and NOBLE (Nordic-Baltic-British Left Main Revascularization Study) Era Impact of bifurcation technique on 2-year clinical outcomes in 773 patients with distal unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis treated with drug-eluting stents Intravascular ultrasound-guided unprotected left main coronary artery stenting in the elderly Sex-Based Outcomes in Patients With a High Bleeding Risk After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and 1-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Secondary Analysis of the LEADERS FREE Randomized Clinical Trial Anthracycline Therapy Is Associated With Cardiomyocyte Atrophy and Preclinical Manifestations of Heart Disease Long-Term Outcomes of Different Two-Stent Techniques With Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents for Unprotected Left Main Bifurcation Disease: Insights From the FAILS-2 Study

Review Article2018 Jun 13.[Epub ahead of print]

JOURNAL:Eur Heart J. Article Link

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: from mechanisms to therapies

Lam CSP, Voors AA, de Boer RA et al. Keywords: HFpEF; mechanisms; therapy

ABSTRACT


This review aims to provide a translational perspective on recent developments in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), linking mechanistic insights to potential therapies. A key concept in this review is that HFpEF is a haemodynamic condition wherein the heart fails to keep up with the circulatory demands of the body, or does so at the expense of raised left ventricular filling pressures. We, therefore, propose that the 'final common pathway' for development of congestion, i.e. basic haemodynamic mechanisms of increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left atrial hypertension, pulmonary venous congestion, and plasma volume expansion, represents important initial targets for therapy in HFpEF. Accordingly, we group this review into six mechanisms translating into potential therapies for HFpEF: beginning with three haemodynamic mechanisms (left atrial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and plasma volume expansion), and working backward to three potential molecular mechanisms [systemic microvascular inflammation, cardiometabolic functional abnormalities, and cellular (titin)/extracellular (fibrosis) structural abnormalities].