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The Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Health in Older Women (OPACH) Study Circadian-Regulated Cell Death in Cardiovascular Diseases Association of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality With High Levels of Physical Activity and Concurrent Coronary Artery Calcification Cardiovascular Considerations in Caring for Pregnant Patients: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases in China, 1990-2016: Findings From the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease Rationale and design of a large-scale, app-based study to identify cardiac arrhythmias using a smartwatch: The Apple Heart Study The Prevalence of Myocardial Bridging Associated with Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Chest Pain and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Mediterranean Diet and the Association Between Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk
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Review ArticleVolume 74, Issue 12, September 2019

JOURNAL：J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

From Focal Lipid Storage to Systemic Inflammation

P Libby, GK Hansson. Keywords: inflammation; LDL cholesterol; smooth muscle cell

ABSTRACT

Concepts of atherogenesis have evolved considerably with time. Early animal experiments showed that a cholesterol-rich diet could induce fatty lesion formation in arteries. The elucidation of lipoprotein metabolism ultimately led to demonstrating the clinical benefits of lipid lowering. The view of atheromata as bland accumulations of smooth muscle cells that elaborated an extracellular matrix that could entrap lipids then expanded to embrace inflammation as providing pathways that could link risk factors to atherogenesis. The characterization of leukocyte adhesion molecules and their control by proinflammatory cytokines, the ability of chemokines to recruit leukocytes, and the identification of inflammatory cell subtypes in lesions spurred the unraveling of innate and adaptive immune pathways that contribute to atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications. Such pathophysiologic insights have led to the identification of biomarkers that can define categories of risk and direct therapies and to the development of new treatments.


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