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动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病预防

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2019 Guidelines on Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines From Detecting the Vulnerable Plaque to Managing the Vulnerable Patient Lipid-Modifying Agents, From Statins to PCSK9 Inhibitors: JACC Focus Seminar Colchicine Reduces Cardiovascular Events in Chronic Coronary Disease ACCF/AHA 2007 clinical expert consensus document on coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography in global cardiovascular risk assessment and in evaluation of patients with chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography) developed in collaboration with the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography From Subclinical Atherosclerosis to Plaque Progression and Acute Coronary Events Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Radiation-Associated Cardiac Disease: JACC Scientific Expert Panel Impaired Retinal Microvascular Function Predicts Long-Term Adverse Events in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Prognostic value of coronary artery calcium screening in subjects with and without diabetes Metabolic Interactions and Differences between Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study on Biomarker Determination and Pathogenesis

Review ArticleVolume 74, Issue 12, September 2019

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

From Focal Lipid Storage to Systemic Inflammation

P Libby, GK Hansson. Keywords: inflammation; LDL cholesterol; smooth muscle cell

ABSTRACT


Concepts of atherogenesis have evolved considerably with time. Early animal experiments showed that a cholesterol-rich diet could induce fatty lesion formation in arteries. The elucidation of lipoprotein metabolism ultimately led to demonstrating the clinical benefits of lipid lowering. The view of atheromata as bland accumulations of smooth muscle cells that elaborated an extracellular matrix that could entrap lipids then expanded to embrace inflammation as providing pathways that could link risk factors to atherogenesis. The characterization of leukocyte adhesion molecules and their control by proinflammatory cytokines, the ability of chemokines to recruit leukocytes, and the identification of inflammatory cell subtypes in lesions spurred the unraveling of innate and adaptive immune pathways that contribute to atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications. Such pathophysiologic insights have led to the identification of biomarkers that can define categories of risk and direct therapies and to the development of new treatments.