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Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes of In-Hospital Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Mortality in Healthy Men and Women Five-Year Outcomes after PCI or CABG for Left Main Coronary Disease Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Scientific Statement From the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease Double kissing crush in left main coronary bifurcation lesions: A crushing blow to the rival stenting techniques Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Serious Adverse Outcomes Following Angiography Long-term outcomes of rotational atherectomy of underexpanded stents. A single center experience Chronic Kidney Disease and Coronary Artery Disease In-Hospital Costs and Costs of Complications of Chronic Total Occlusion Angioplasty Insights From the OPEN-CTO Registry

Review Article2018 Jul 10;138(2):198-205.

JOURNAL:Circulation. Article Link

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology: Why Women Are Overrepresented in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Beale AL, Meyer P, Kaye DM et al. Keywords: heart failure; myocardium; sex factors; vascular stiffness; women

ABSTRACT


Consistent epidemiological data demonstrate that patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are more likely to be women than men. Exploring mechanisms behind this sex difference in heart failure epidemiology may enrich the understanding of underlying HFpEF pathophysiology and phenotypes, with the ultimate goal of identifying therapeutic approaches for the broader HFpEF population. In this review we evaluate the influence of sex on the key domains of cardiac structure and function, the systemic and pulmonary circulation, as well as extracardiac factors and comorbidities that may explain the predisposition of women to HFpEF. We highlight the potential role of factors exclusive to or more prevalent in women such as pregnancy, preeclampsia, and iron deficiency. Finally, we discuss existing controversies and gaps in knowledge, as well as the clinical importance of known sex differences in the context of the potential need for sex-specific diagnostic criteria, improved risk stratification models, and targeted therapies.

© 2018 American Heart Association, Inc.