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sST2 Predicts Outcome in Chronic Heart Failure Beyond NT−proBNP and High-Sensitivity Troponin T Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials Glucose-lowering Drugs or Strategies, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events, and Heart Failure in People With or at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Cardiovascular Outcome Trials Genetics and Causality of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease The Current State of Left Main Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Potential protective mechanisms of green tea polyphenol EGCG against COVID-19 The outcomes of intravascular ultrasound-guided drug-eluting stent implantation among patients with complex coronary lesions: a comprehensive meta-analysis of 15 clinical trials and 8,084 patients Radial Versus Femoral Access for Rotational Atherectomy: A UK Observational Study of 8622 Patients Effect of empagliflozin on exercise ability and symptoms in heart failure patients with reduced and preserved ejection fraction, with and without type 2 diabetes Limitations of Repeat Revascularization as an Outcome Measure

Review Article2018 Jul 10;138(2):198-205.

JOURNAL:Circulation. Article Link

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology: Why Women Are Overrepresented in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Beale AL, Meyer P, Kaye DM et al. Keywords: heart failure; myocardium; sex factors; vascular stiffness; women

ABSTRACT


Consistent epidemiological data demonstrate that patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are more likely to be women than men. Exploring mechanisms behind this sex difference in heart failure epidemiology may enrich the understanding of underlying HFpEF pathophysiology and phenotypes, with the ultimate goal of identifying therapeutic approaches for the broader HFpEF population. In this review we evaluate the influence of sex on the key domains of cardiac structure and function, the systemic and pulmonary circulation, as well as extracardiac factors and comorbidities that may explain the predisposition of women to HFpEF. We highlight the potential role of factors exclusive to or more prevalent in women such as pregnancy, preeclampsia, and iron deficiency. Finally, we discuss existing controversies and gaps in knowledge, as well as the clinical importance of known sex differences in the context of the potential need for sex-specific diagnostic criteria, improved risk stratification models, and targeted therapies.

© 2018 American Heart Association, Inc.