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North American Expert Review of Rotational Atherectomy Treating Bifurcation Lesions: The Result Overcomes the Technique Orbital atherectomy for the treatment of small (2.5mm) severely calcified coronary lesions: ORBIT II sub-analysis Pulmonary hypertension is associated with an increased incidence of NAFLD: A retrospective cohort study of 18,910 patients Pivotal trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the orbital atherectomy system in treating de novo, severely calcified coronary lesions (ORBIT II) Comparison of 2 Different Drug-Coated Balloons in In-Stent Restenosis: The RESTORE ISR China Randomized Trial Temporal changes in radial access use, associates and outcomes in patients undergoing PCI using rotational atherectomy between 2007 and 2014: results from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society national database Right ventricular expression of NT-proBNP adds predictive value to REVEAL score in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension Drug-Coated Balloon for De Novo Coronary Artery Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review Intravascular ultrasound enhances the safety of rotational atherectomy

Review ArticleVolume 75, Issue 16, April 2020

JOURNAL:JACC Article Link

Lipid-Modifying Agents, From Statins to PCSK9 Inhibitors: JACC Focus Seminar

D Preiss, JA Tobert, GK Hovingh et al. Keywords: ezetimibe; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Mendelian randomization; proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9; statin

ABSTRACT

Mendelian randomization studies and randomized trials have conclusively demonstrated that lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol results in fewer cardiovascular events. This review describes key stages in the evolution of LDL cholesterol–lowering treatment. Data from over 25 cardiovascular outcome trials confirm that, within a few years, statins lower the relative risk of major atherosclerotic events by about 22% per 38.7 mg/dl (1 mmol/l) reduction in LDL cholesterol, with similar benefit across patient subgroups. Meta-analyses of these trials have established the safety of statins with regard to nonvascular mortality and cancer. Other agents available for prescription include ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, which both reduce major atherosclerotic events in proportion to their effects on LDL cholesterol and have good safety profiles, though PCSK9 inhibitors remain costly. Investigational LDL cholesterol–lowering agents currently being tested in cardiovascular outcome studies are bempedoic acid, an adenosine triphosphate–citrate lyase inhibitor that reduces cholesterol synthesis, and inclisiran, a double-stranded small interfering ribonucleic acid that inhibits PCSK9 synthesis.