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Prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions in cancer patients treated with oral anticancer drugs Coronary Calcification and Long-Term Outcomes According to Drug-Eluting Stent Generation The Regulation of Pulmonary Vascular Tone by Neuropeptides and the Implications for Pulmonary Hypertension Association Between Malignant Mitral Valve Prolapse and Sudden Cardiac Death: A Review Benefits with drug-coated balloon as compared to a conventional revascularization strategy for the treatment of coronary and non-coronary arterial disease: a comprehensive meta-analysis of 45 randomized trials Thrombotic Risk and Antithrombotic Strategies After Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement Optical Coherence Tomography to Assess Proximal Side Optimization Technique in Crush Stenting Five-Year Clinical Outcomes After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation Following Rotational Atherectomy for Heavily Calcified Lesions Orbital atherectomy for the treatment of small (2.5mm) severely calcified coronary lesions: ORBIT II sub-analysis Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (GIse) Registry Of Transcatheter Treatment of Mitral Valve RegurgitaTiOn (GIOTTO): Impact of Valve Disease Etiology and Residual Mitral Regurgitation after MitraClip Implantation

Review ArticleVolume 75, Issue 16, April 2020

JOURNAL:JACC Article Link

Lipid-Modifying Agents, From Statins to PCSK9 Inhibitors: JACC Focus Seminar

D Preiss, JA Tobert, GK Hovingh et al. Keywords: ezetimibe; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Mendelian randomization; proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9; statin

ABSTRACT

Mendelian randomization studies and randomized trials have conclusively demonstrated that lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol results in fewer cardiovascular events. This review describes key stages in the evolution of LDL cholesterol–lowering treatment. Data from over 25 cardiovascular outcome trials confirm that, within a few years, statins lower the relative risk of major atherosclerotic events by about 22% per 38.7 mg/dl (1 mmol/l) reduction in LDL cholesterol, with similar benefit across patient subgroups. Meta-analyses of these trials have established the safety of statins with regard to nonvascular mortality and cancer. Other agents available for prescription include ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, which both reduce major atherosclerotic events in proportion to their effects on LDL cholesterol and have good safety profiles, though PCSK9 inhibitors remain costly. Investigational LDL cholesterol–lowering agents currently being tested in cardiovascular outcome studies are bempedoic acid, an adenosine triphosphate–citrate lyase inhibitor that reduces cholesterol synthesis, and inclisiran, a double-stranded small interfering ribonucleic acid that inhibits PCSK9 synthesis.