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Geometry as a Confounder When Assessing Ventricular Systolic Function: Comparison Between Ejection Fraction and Strain Antithrombotic Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndrome or PCI in Atrial Fibrillation Basic Biology of Oxidative Stress and the Cardiovascular System: Part 1 of a 3-Part Series Heart Failure With Preserved, Borderline, and Reduced Ejection Fraction: 5-Year Outcomes A Combination of Allogeneic Stem Cells Promotes Cardiac Regeneration Long-Term Outcomes in Women and Men Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Pulmonary Artery Pressure-Guided Management of Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure Association of Body Mass Index With Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Compression of Morbidity Association Between Living in Food Deserts and Cardiovascular Risk

Review Article2017 Jul 11;70(2):196-211.

JOURNAL:J Am Coll Cardiol. Article Link

Basic Biology of Oxidative Stress and the Cardiovascular System: Part 1 of a 3-Part Series

Sack MN, Fyhrquist FY, Kovacic JC et al. Keywords: apoptosis; mitochondria; necrosis; reactive oxygen species; senescence; sirtuin; telomere

ABSTRACT


The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a fundamental aspect of normal human biology. However, when ROS generation exceeds endogenous antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress arises. If unchecked, ROS production and oxidative stress mediate tissue and cell damage that can spiral in a cycle of inflammation and more oxidative stress. This article is part 1 of a 3-part series covering the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. The broad theme of this first paper is the mechanisms and biology of oxidative stress. Specifically, the authors review the basic biology of oxidative stress, relevant aspects of mitochondrial function, and stress-related cell death pathways (apoptosis and necrosis) as they relate to the heart and cardiovascular system. They then explore telomere biology and cell senescence. As important regulators and sensors of oxidative stress, telomeres are segments of repetitive nucleotide sequence at each end of a chromosome that protect the chromosome ends from deterioration.