Review Article | By P Greenland, ED Michos, N Redmond et al.
Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is considered a useful test for enhancing risk assessment in the primary prevention setting. Clinical trials are under consideration. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a multidisciplinary working group on August 26 to 27, 2019, in Bethesda, Maryland, to review available evidence and consider the appropriateness of conducting further research on coronary artery calcium (CAC) testing, or ot...
Mechanical circulatory support devices in advanced heart failure: 2020 and beyond
Review Article | By JL Vieira, HO Ventura, MR Mehra et al.
Substantial progress in the field of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has expanded the treatment options for patients with advanced-stage heart failure (HF). Currently available MCS devices can be implanted percutaneously or surgically. They can also be configured to support the left, right, or both ventricles, offering varying levels of circulatory support. Short-term temporary MCS devices are primarily used in high-risk percutaneous ...
Review Article | By F Mangiacapraa; MGDel Buonobc; A Abbate et al.
Endothelial dysfunction (EnD) is a hallmark feature of coronary artery disease (CAD), representing the key early step of atherosclerotic plaque development and progression. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is performed daily worldwide to treat symptomatic CAD, however a consistent proportion of patients remain symptomatic for angina despite otherwise successful revascularization. EnD plays a central role in the mechanisms of ...
Original Research | By J Gregson, GW Stone, SJ Pocock et al.
BACKGROUND - Numerous definitions for peri-procedural myocardial infarction (PMI) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary bypass grafting (CABG) surgery exist. OBJECTIVES - The purpose of this study was to investigate the PMI rates according to various definitions, their clinically relevant association with all-cause mortality at 10 years, and their impact on composite endpoints ...
Review Article | By F Zannad, JP Ferreira, SJ Pocock et al.
BACKGROUND - Both DAPA-HF (assessing dapagliflozin) and EMPEROR-Reduced (assessing empagliflozin) trials showed that sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for heart failure in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with or without diabetes. However, neither trial was powered to assess effects on car...
Genotyping to Guide Clopidogrel Treatment: An In-Depth Analysis of the TAILOR-PCI Trial
Original Research | By Naveen L. Pereira, MBBS, FACC
Clopidogrel is the most widely prescribed P2Y12 inhibitor.1,2 It is a prodrug that requires CYP2C19, a cytochrome P450 enzyme, for transformation to its active thiol metabolite. Only this active metabolite targets the P2Y12 receptor on platelets, resulting in inhibition of platelet aggregation. Patients with CYP2C19 loss-of-function genetic variation (CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3) have low active metabolite levels, less on-treatment pl...
Original Research | By G Pemmasani, I Elgendy, MA Mamas et al.
BACKGROUND - Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased acute coronary syndrome (ACS) risk. Data are limited regarding the epidemiology and outcomes of ACS in patients with IBD. METHODS - A retrospective cohort analysis of patients with IBD admitted for ACS in the U.S. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample for 2005 to 2015 was conducted. ...
T and small protrusion (TAP) vs double kissing crush technique: Insights from in-vitro models
Original Research | By V Paradies, Jaryl Ng, HY Ang et al.
BACKGROUND - Percutaneous coronary interventions on complex bifurcation lesions may require implantation of two stents to appropriately treat diffuse side-branch (SB) disease. Comparisons among different bifurcation stenting techniques are continuously attempted by various study designs (bench tests, computer simulations, clinical studies). Among different techniques, double kissing crush (DKC) represents the last evolution for “...
Review Article | By P Koilpillai, NR Aggarwal, SL Mulvagh et al.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW - Establishing a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women, including assessment for coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) when indicated, can be challenging. Access to performance of invasive testing when appropriate may be limited, and noninvasive imaging assessments have evolved. This review will summarize the various noninvasive imaging modalities available for the diagnosis of IHD and CMD...
Original Research | By A Frille, M Rullmann, S Hesse & HJ Seyfarth et al.